Feminism is a thing of young women (and their grandmothers) | Society
For a time there seemed to be no relief. But it arrived. The feminism it has resurfaced in barely five years as one of the great social phenomena. He has done it with the impulse of movements like United States MeToo, to the cry of Not one less from Argentina or with the Spanish feminist strike from the past 8 of Marzor. And it's a young thing. Many of the people who participated in the protests of International Women's Day or against the judicial decisions of the Case of the Pack They brushed the score or not even. The push of the movement that demands equality is mainly due to those under 25 years of age, who consider themselves feminists in 64.5% of the cases, almost twice as many as five years ago.
To what extent do you consider yourself a feminist?
In %
The entire movement has grown exponentially in that time, with 10 percentage points more - to reach 43.2% - according to a survey of 40dB for EL PAÍS that sheds light on the latest resurgence of feminism. The work shows the interest for ages and a generational leap that unites the youngest with their mothers and grandmothers. Intermediate generations - women who are now between 35 and 54 years old - are less feminist. Although it has become a phenomenon that all parties want to join, it is still a matter of the left and why men are less attracted. The drag of youth is one of the conclusions of this survey, conducted between January 24 and 31 to 2,000 people of legal age. These are the keys:
The generational jump The graph by age and gender shows a V. Two out of three young girls (and 45.9% of boys) are clearly defined as feminist (with a 7 or more note on a scale of 0 to 10). Then the curve falls into the so-called generation X, which experienced the Transition and the crisis of 73. Less than half of women and below 30% of men feel challenged.
The curve goes back up from 55 years old. "Just a few years ago, we observed in both Spain and other countries a declining trend in active feminism. The young women who proclaim themselves as feminists when they are 18 years old are enormously relevant, they show that there is new sap, "said Constanza Tobío, Professor of Sociology at the Carlos III University of Madrid. Tobío explains the connection between the youngest and the oldest: "Women over 55 years lived the first important feminist struggles in Spain and followed a few generations later that were less active".
Thinking about the feminist movement, indicate to what extent you agree with: "Women have already achieved equality: feminism now is too radical".
In %
They, less involved. Speaking in Madrid in mid-2018, the director of programs of UN Women, María Noel Vaeza, claimed: "Men must be in modern feminism." But they do not feel as appealing as they do. Only one third of men, compared to almost half of women, are very or quite according to that feminism seeks real equality between both. Youth makes the difference. Those who are between 18 and 24 years old share that idea more, while men from 45 to 54 are the least. The survey reflects very clear divisions by ideology. The voters of parties like PSOE or Podemos are more in agreement with those who vote for right-wing parties. In the case of Vox, it stands out especially: only one in four believes it and 70% rejects the fact that the movement pursues equality.
"We may have arrived at the moment in which a good part of men consider themselves feminists or understand what the demand supposes," says Octavio Salazar, professor of Constitutional Law at the University of Córdoba and member of the Men's Network for Equality . "But we are at a point of paralysis because right now men would have to start taking steps forward and it does not happen. We need to develop our commitment more and that will not happen until we feel challenged and understand that we are part of the problem. The majority of men continue to see all the issues of discrimination against women as if they were something external to them, as if gender violence and macho attitudes happened outside of us, "adds Salazar, one of the people who has analyzed the most the new masculinities in Spain.
On the feminist mobilizations of March 8.
In %
Participation in 8-M. The images of the big demonstrations in the main cities of Spain and the news of her first feminist strike for the International Women's Day jumped to the international press last year. The feminist movement called only the women in the strike, which included parking for a day care, not going to class, stop consuming and a work stoppage. The support of the men was requested in the afternoon demonstrations, like this year. Half of them and a little less in the case of men consider that last year's protest had quite or much impact on society. One in four people surveyed said that they participated in some way in the mobilizations. The percentage reached 31.1% in the case of women and remained in the middle in the case of men. 37.9% of them announce that they will participate much or quite in this year's against just 20% of men.
How do feminists consider the following parties?
In %
United We can, in the lead. "If being a feminist is to defend the equality of men and women, I am a feminist," Pablo Casado (PP) recently said in an interview. Just a year ago, the then Minister of Health and Equality of her party, Dolors Montserrat, did not go that far. "It seems to me a label," he said days before the 8-M 2018. Citizens, a party that in 2016 wanted to remove the specific penalties for gender violence, yesterday presented its decalogue of "liberal feminism." Even Vox tries to fit the term: "If feminism is to defend women, I will be too," his secretary general, Javier Ortega Smith, explained in December.
Feminism has gone from being a term in quarantine to a concept to which everyone wants to add. But the poll reflects that it is seen mostly as a matter of leftist parties. The respondents, and to a lesser extent the respondents, place in the first place United Podemos - which has just changed its name to the feminine in the registry for the next elections - as the most feminist party. It is followed by the PSOE, which on Friday launched a campaign with the motto Women's Time facing March 8, after approving a decree for labor equality with measures, such as the equalization of paternity leave, which places Spain at the head of Europe. Both parties approve. The rest no. Citizens achieve almost a 4 note, the PP is placed in a 3 and Vox stays below 2.
"Feminazis". It was a man's thing. Last Friday, a group of members of Ahige, the Association of Men for Gender Equality, approached the bus of the ultra-conservative association Hazte Oír next to the bullring of Las Ventas, in Madrid. They unfolded a banner that read: "You are the proof that we need feminism." The vehicle on which they wanted to superimpose their own poster circulates for a few days with slogans that question gender violence and citations in which they indicate that "gender laws discriminate against men" next to the face of Adolf Hitler with painted lips of red, eyelashes with mascara and the label #StopFeminazis. Most respondents to the survey reject that term - "feminazi" -. However, for one in four men, this concept describes "very well" feminism, something shared by more than one in five women (22.8%).
The fear of feminism One in five men declares to be afraid of the rise of feminism. 43.8% believe that they are now more selfish than before. It is a perception that is accentuated among the elderly - those over 65 are those who agree most - or in terms of the vote. The people who support the PP and Citizens, and especially those who affirmed that they will vote for Vox in the next elections, perceive this supposed selfishness in a more accentuated way. Almost a third believe that feminism seeks revenge.
This afternoon we were at 17: 15h in the Plaza de las Ventas to concentrate with a banner against the Hazte Oír bus. ⛔?
from AHIGE we think that we have to give some kind of response. ??????????♂?♂ We are waiting for you pic.twitter.com/ZpHg3aA2St
- AHIGE MADRID (@AHIGEMADRID) March 1, 2019
There is a clear division by gender, age and vote when asking if "feminism is the opposite of machismo" or "women have already achieved real equality, feminism is now too radical". In both cases, the women, young people and voters of PSOE and Podemos reject more those assertions than men, older people or voters of right-wing parties.
Concerned about the glass ceiling. 18% of listed companies in Spain do not have a single counselor - the exception is the 35 of the Ibex, all with female representation - and 72% have just two or less. To achieve parity (a minimum of 40% of one of the two sexes), 352 men would have to be replaced, a recent analysis published in Fedea, a center of economic studies sponsored by the large companies of the Ibex. When asked which of the feminist goals were considered most important, the majority of respondents indicated that women's limited representation in the spheres of power. The first objective is for the majority to eliminate the glass ceiling, the obstacles for the professional advancement of women. They could choose three options out of the eight available.
The macho violence. Almost a thousand women, 984, have been murdered by their partners or ex-partners since the official recount began in 2003. They are more than the ETA fatalities (854) and in less time. The majority of the respondents places as a second priority to increase and make visible the fight against gender violence. Those who vote for the PSOE and Citizens place this objective in the first place. The voters of Vox consider first the glass ceiling and, second, an equal division of domestic work. Almost a third of supporters of the right-wing party believe that making the fight against gender violence visible is an important goal of the feminist movement. The party of Santiago Abascal has asked for the repeal of the approved laws - in Spain and in Andalusia, where they obtained a parliamentary presence in December - to put an end to this violence.
For different objectives of the feminist struggle, indicate which one or which ones seem most important to you.
In %
With your back to the MeToo. The search of the term MeToo in Google, it shows more than 4.7 million results a year and a half after, in October of 2017, the headlines of a scandal that spread with speed everywhere. The Hollywood giant Harvey Weinstein He was dismissed from his company after he The New Yorker Y The New York Times They will publish various accusations of sexual harassment allegedly committed for decades. The survey reflects that the Spanish population does not believe to be too informed about this movement that started in the mecca of American cinema. One in five people say they know nothing and 43% a little. Just over a third consider that is up to date with this movement.
The survey also reflects in this an important contrast between men and women. When asked if the MeToo has made them feel more sympathy for the feminist cause, 21.2% of men say no, compared to 8.6% of females. More than half of them confirm that they feel a lot or a lot of sympathy for the movement for women's equality after the scandal that placed sexual harassment at the center of the world agenda.
